il 27  (R&D Systems)

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Prophylactic immune priming with heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus combined with therapeutic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum cell-free supernatant protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1802599

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of the administration of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 10241 cell-free supernatant (LpCFS) on broncho-alveolar fluid (BAL) macrophage-enriched adherent cells. BALB/c mice (6-week-old) received aerosol administration of LpCFS or vehicle control for three consecutive days. On day four, BAL macrophage-enriched adherent cells were isolated, cultured, and ex vivo challenged with antibiotic-sensitive (PaS) or multidrug-resistant (PaR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). One day after the challenges, the levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-27 were measured using ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05 (*). The same control cohort was used for the experiments in Figures 3 , .

Article Snippet: Interferon (IFN)-β (Mouse IFN-beta ELISA Kit), IFN-γ (Mouse IFN-gamma Quantikine ELISA Kit), TNF-α (Mouse TNF alpha ELISA Kit, High Sensitivity, BMS607-2HS), IL-6 (Mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit, BMS603-2), IL-1β (Mouse IL-1 beta ELISA Kit, BMS6002), IL-27 (Mouse IL-27 p28/IL-30 ELISA Kit Quantikine, M2728), CCL-2(Mouse CCL2/JE/MCP-1 ELISA Kit Quantikine, MJE00B), and IL-10 (Mouse IL-10 Quantikine ELISA Kit) concentrations in BAL samples were measured with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique kits following the manufacturer’s recommendations (R&D Systems, MN, USA).

Techniques: Aerosol, Control, Isolation, Cell Culture, Ex Vivo, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Prophylactic immune priming with heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus combined with therapeutic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum cell-free supernatant protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1802599

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of the therapeutic administration of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 10241 cell-free supernatant (LpCFS) on the resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection. BALB/c mice (6-week-old) were challenged with antibiotic-sensitive (PaS) or multidrug-resistant (PaR) P. aeruginosa strains and then received aerosol administration of LpCFS or vehicle control for three consecutive days. Three days after the last LpCFS administration the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-27 in broncho-alveolar fluid (BAL) samples were determined. Basal levels of cytokines in BAL from uninfected mice receiving vehicle alone are included for comparison (gray lines). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05 (*).

Article Snippet: Interferon (IFN)-β (Mouse IFN-beta ELISA Kit), IFN-γ (Mouse IFN-gamma Quantikine ELISA Kit), TNF-α (Mouse TNF alpha ELISA Kit, High Sensitivity, BMS607-2HS), IL-6 (Mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit, BMS603-2), IL-1β (Mouse IL-1 beta ELISA Kit, BMS6002), IL-27 (Mouse IL-27 p28/IL-30 ELISA Kit Quantikine, M2728), CCL-2(Mouse CCL2/JE/MCP-1 ELISA Kit Quantikine, MJE00B), and IL-10 (Mouse IL-10 Quantikine ELISA Kit) concentrations in BAL samples were measured with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique kits following the manufacturer’s recommendations (R&D Systems, MN, USA).

Techniques: Infection, Aerosol, Control, Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Prophylactic immune priming with heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus combined with therapeutic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum cell-free supernatant protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1802599

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of the administration of live (LV1505) and heat-killed (HK1505) Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 on broncho-alveolar fluid (BAL) macrophage-enriched adherent cells. BALB/c mice (6-week-old) were nasally treated with LV1505, HK1505, or vehicle control for three consecutive days. On day four, BAL macrophage-enriched adherent cells were isolated, cultured, and ex vivo challenged with antibiotic-sensitive (PaS) or multidrug-resistant (PaR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). One day after the challenges, the levels IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-27 were measured using ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**). The same control cohort was used for the experiments in Figures 3 , .

Article Snippet: Interferon (IFN)-β (Mouse IFN-beta ELISA Kit), IFN-γ (Mouse IFN-gamma Quantikine ELISA Kit), TNF-α (Mouse TNF alpha ELISA Kit, High Sensitivity, BMS607-2HS), IL-6 (Mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit, BMS603-2), IL-1β (Mouse IL-1 beta ELISA Kit, BMS6002), IL-27 (Mouse IL-27 p28/IL-30 ELISA Kit Quantikine, M2728), CCL-2(Mouse CCL2/JE/MCP-1 ELISA Kit Quantikine, MJE00B), and IL-10 (Mouse IL-10 Quantikine ELISA Kit) concentrations in BAL samples were measured with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique kits following the manufacturer’s recommendations (R&D Systems, MN, USA).

Techniques: Control, Isolation, Cell Culture, Ex Vivo, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Prophylactic immune priming with heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus combined with therapeutic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum cell-free supernatant protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1802599

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of the prophylactic administration live (LV1505) and heat-killed (HK1505) Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 on the resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection. BALB/c mice (6-week-old) received prophylactic intranasal administration of LV1505 or HK1505 for three days and then were challenged with antibiotic-sensitive (PaS) or multidrug-resistant (PaR) P. aeruginosa strains. Three days after the infection, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-27 in broncho-alveolar fluid (BAL) samples were determined. Basal levels of cytokines in BAL from uninfected mice receiving vehicle alone are included for comparison (gray lines). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.05 (**).

Article Snippet: Interferon (IFN)-β (Mouse IFN-beta ELISA Kit), IFN-γ (Mouse IFN-gamma Quantikine ELISA Kit), TNF-α (Mouse TNF alpha ELISA Kit, High Sensitivity, BMS607-2HS), IL-6 (Mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit, BMS603-2), IL-1β (Mouse IL-1 beta ELISA Kit, BMS6002), IL-27 (Mouse IL-27 p28/IL-30 ELISA Kit Quantikine, M2728), CCL-2(Mouse CCL2/JE/MCP-1 ELISA Kit Quantikine, MJE00B), and IL-10 (Mouse IL-10 Quantikine ELISA Kit) concentrations in BAL samples were measured with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique kits following the manufacturer’s recommendations (R&D Systems, MN, USA).

Techniques: Infection, Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Prophylactic immune priming with heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus combined with therapeutic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum cell-free supernatant protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection in mice

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1802599

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of the combined prophylactic administration of heat-killed (HK1505) Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 and the therapeutic administration of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 10241 cell-free supernatant (LpCFS) on the resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infection. BALB/c mice (6-week-old) received prophylactic intranasal administration of HK1505 for three days, then were challenged with antibiotic-sensitive (PaS) or multidrug-resistant (PaR) P. aeruginosa strains and received aerosol administration of LpCFS or vehicle control for three consecutive days after the infection. Three days after the last LpCFS administration, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-27 in broncho-alveolar fluid (BAL) samples were determined. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.05 (**) compared with vehicle control. † significant at p < 0.05 (*) between the indicated groups.

Article Snippet: Interferon (IFN)-β (Mouse IFN-beta ELISA Kit), IFN-γ (Mouse IFN-gamma Quantikine ELISA Kit), TNF-α (Mouse TNF alpha ELISA Kit, High Sensitivity, BMS607-2HS), IL-6 (Mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit, BMS603-2), IL-1β (Mouse IL-1 beta ELISA Kit, BMS6002), IL-27 (Mouse IL-27 p28/IL-30 ELISA Kit Quantikine, M2728), CCL-2(Mouse CCL2/JE/MCP-1 ELISA Kit Quantikine, MJE00B), and IL-10 (Mouse IL-10 Quantikine ELISA Kit) concentrations in BAL samples were measured with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique kits following the manufacturer’s recommendations (R&D Systems, MN, USA).

Techniques: Infection, Aerosol, Control

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Interleukin-27 is antiviral against Zika virus at the maternal-fetal interface

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-67378-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Representative brightfield images of single trophoblast organoid (TO) culture at 1-, 3-, and 6-days post-passage. 5X magnification, scale bar 1000 μm (top). Insets denote area captured at 10X magnification, scale bar 200μm (bottom). For all 4 biological TO donors, experiment was repeated independently >4 times with similar results. B Expression of IL-27 cytokine ( p28, EBI3 ) and receptor ( WSX1, gp130 ) subunit genes by decidual organoids (DOs) and TOs at day 6 post-passage as determined by quantitative RT-PCR, relative to housekeeping gene HPRT1 . Graphs represent 3 experimental replicates from 4 biological donors of TOs (circles, squares, triangles, and diamonds) and 3 biological donors of DOs (circles, squares, and triangles). Data presented as mean values ± SEM. C Conditioned media were collected from TO cultures from 3 biological donors at 1-, 24-, 48-, and 72-h post-passage and secreted IL-27 was measured via human IL-27 ELISA. Graph represents 5 experimental replicates per timepoint for donor 1 TOs (circles); Graph represents 3 experimental replicates per timepoint for donor 2 and 3 TOs (squares, triangles). Data presented as mean values ± SD. D Representative immunofluorescent images of TOs at day 6 post-passage. 10 μm TO cross-sections were stained for DAPI (blue), Ki67 for cytotrophoblasts (white), SDC1 for syncytiotrophoblasts (green), and IL27RA (magenta). White box indicates zoom inset and white dashed line demarcates regions of cytotrophoblasts (CTB) and syncytiotrophoblasts (STB). 20X magnification, Z-stack, merged. Scale bar, 100μm. Images representative experiments independently repeated in 4 biological TO donors with similar results. E. TOs from 2 biological donors (circles, diamonds) were pre-treated with neutralizing antibodies prior to infection with ZIKV-CAM, as described in Supplementary Fig. , . TO cultures were then collected at 1-, 24-, or 48-h post-infection (hpi) for RNA analysis. Graph displays ZIKV viral RNA expression in TOs as determined by quantitative RT-PCR relative to housekeeping gene HPRT1 , normalized to isotype control-treated organoids. Graph represents 4 independent infections preformed in first TO donor (circles) and 3 independent infections preformed in second TO donor (diamonds). Data presented as mean values ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Whole placental tissues, including maternal decidua, were collected and homogenized, and a mouse IL-27 p28 ELISA (R&D Systems, M2728) was then performed according to manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Staining, Infection, RNA Expression, Control

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Interleukin-27 is antiviral against Zika virus at the maternal-fetal interface

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-67378-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Table of experimental conditions for antiviral gene expression analyses in ( B , C ). B TO antiviral gene expression as determined by quantitative RT-PCR, relative to housekeeping gene HPRT1 . Graphs display 5 experimental replicates from 1 TO donor. Statistical analysis performed with multiple unpaired t-tests (two-sided Mann-Whitney), *p < 0.05 (adjusted p values = 0.023621). Data presented as mean values ± SEM. C TO antiviral gene expression as determined by quantitative RT-PCR, relative to Rux. Graphs display 5 experimental replicates from 1 TO donor. Statistical analysis performed with ordinary one-way Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ns=not significant ( MX1 from left, p = 0.0125, <0.0001, 0.0003, 0.2709; IFIT1 from left, p = 0.0031, <0.0001, 0.0001, 0.3945; OAS2 from left, p = 0.0141, <0.0001, 0.0012, 0.6252). Data presented as mean values ± SEM. D Left: Volcano plots depicting differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in IL-27-stimulated TOs and IFNλ-stimulated TOs. Statistical analysis performed via two-sided t-test with Benjamini-Hochberg False Discovery Rate correction. Vertical dashed lines: 0.5 log fold-change cutoffs; Horizontal dashed line: 0.05 adjusted p-value cutoff. Right: Venn diagram depicts total upregulated DEGs in IL-27- and IFNλ-stimulated conditions, with the 5 shared genes highlighted in red text on volcano plots. E Select upregulated pathways from gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Figure displays top 8 pathways by order of normalized enrichment score (NES). Numbers at end of bars indicate total number of genes associated with each term. Red asterisks indicate pathways that were enriched in both IL-27- and IFNλ-stimulated TOs. F ZIKV viral RNA expression in TOs at 24-h post-infection, as determined by quantitative RT-PCR relative to housekeeping gene HPRT1 , normalized to isotype control-treated organoids. Graph represents 6 independent infections in single TO donor. Statistical analysis performed with Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 (From left, p = 0.0383, 0.0480, 0.0003). Data presented as mean values ± SD. G Antiviral gene expression in ZIKV-infected TOs as determined by quantitative RT-PCR, relative to Isotype. Graphs display 5 experimental replicates from single TO donor. Statistical analysis performed with Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 ( IFIT1 from left, p = 0.0119, 0.0039; MX1 from left, p = 0.0484, 0.0019; PARP9 from left, p = 0.0033, 0.0163). Data presented as mean values ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Whole placental tissues, including maternal decidua, were collected and homogenized, and a mouse IL-27 p28 ELISA (R&D Systems, M2728) was then performed according to manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, MANN-WHITNEY, RNA Expression, Infection, Control

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Interleukin-27 is antiviral against Zika virus at the maternal-fetal interface

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-67378-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Whole placental lysates (placenta and decidua) were collected from uninfected C57BL/6 mice at E9.5, E13.5, and E17.5 of gestation, and IL-27 protein levels were measured via ELISA. Each data point represents IL-27 concentration of an individual placenta. For E9.5 and E13.5, graph represents placentas obtained from 2 independent litters; For E17.5, graph represents placentas obtained from one independent litter. Data presented as mean values ± SD. B Schematic represents breeding schemes used to delineate maternal and fetal p28 production in uninfected murine placentas and deciduas. Left: p28-GFP −/− dam x p28-GFP +/− sire crosses were used to generate placental tissues that lacked (I., p28-GFP Null ) or expressed fetal-derived p28-GFP (II., p28-GFP F ). Right: p28-GFP +/− dam x p28-GFP −/− sire crosses were used to generate placental tissues that retained maternal p28-GFP expression only (III., p28-GFP M ) or expressed both maternal- and fetal-derived p28-GFP (IV., p28-GFP FM ). Created in BioRender. Jurado, K. (2025) https://BioRender.com/lkflcs6 . C Representative immunofluorescent image of an uninfected p28-GFP F placenta at E13.5 of gestation. Yolk sac (Ys), labyrinth (Lb), junctional zone (Jz), and maternal decidua (Dc) regions were determined via immunofluorescence staining of endothelial cells (CD31; white) and nuclei (DAPI; blue). 20X magnification, stitched. Scale bar, 1000 μm. Image shown is representative of experiments repeated independently in >4 p28-GFP F placentas from separate litters. D Representative immunofluorescent images of p28-GFP within uninfected murine deciduas at E13.5. 10 μm placental cross-sections were obtained for all conditions in Fig. 3B and stained with anti-GFP (green) and DAPI (blue). Images representative of 4 placentas per condition. 20X magnification, zoomed. Scale bar 100 μm. E Quantification of total p28-GFP signal area (microns ) in decidua and labyrinth regions of uninfected placentas, as determined by ImageJ software. Graph represents measurements from 2-4 independent placentas per group, with 3-4 cross-sections obtained per placenta, and 4-8 images acquired per cross-section (Decidua: p28-GFP null n = 42, p28-GFP F n = 59, p28-GFP M n = 53, p28-GFP FM n = 69; Labyrinth: p28-GFP null n = 45, p28-GFP F n = 66, p28-GFP M n = 53, p28-GFP FM n = 68). Statistical analysis performed with Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 (Decidua from left, p = <0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001, 0.0136, >0.9999, <0.0001; Labyrinth from left, p = <0.0001, 0.0006, 0.0342, >0.9999, 0.3100, 0.8862). Data presented as mean values ± SD.

Article Snippet: Whole placental tissues, including maternal decidua, were collected and homogenized, and a mouse IL-27 p28 ELISA (R&D Systems, M2728) was then performed according to manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Concentration Assay, Derivative Assay, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Software

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Interleukin-27 is antiviral against Zika virus at the maternal-fetal interface

doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-67378-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Timeline for mating and treatment of human STAT2 knock-in (hSTAT2 KI) mice with high molecular weight polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (HMW poly(I:C)). Created in BioRender. Jurado, K. (2025) https://BioRender.com/eegilr9 . B Serum IL-6 levels in PBS- and HMW Poly(I:C)-treated dams at 6 h post-injection as determined via ELISA. n = 3 dams per group. Statistical analysis performed via ordinary two-way ANOVA, **p < 0.01, ns= not significant (From left, p = >0.9999, 0.0013, 0.0011, 0.9896). Data presented as mean values ± SD. C Proportion of fetuses exhibiting healthy, early resorption, or total resorption phenotypes at E13.5 in PBS- and HMW Poly(I:C)-treated dams. Graph displays total number of fetuses from 3-4 litters per condition. D Representative images depicting fetal outcomes at E13.5. Phenotypes were determined for each fetus based on gross morphology and tissue integrity, as described in methods. E Timeline for mating and infection of hSTAT2 KI mice, as described in methods. Created in BioRender. Jurado, K. (2025) https://BioRender.com/m1xcoc2 . F Proportion of fetuses exhibiting healthy, early resorption, or total resorption phenotypes at E13.5 in PBS- and ZIKV-infected dams. Fetal outcomes were evaluated in 3 independent litters for all conditions except ZIKV-infected IL27RA −/− dams, for which 4 independent litters were evaluated. Graph displays total number of fetuses per condition. G–I ZIKV burdens at E13.5 as determined via quantitative RT-PCR. G Combined ZIKV burden of one matching fetus and placenta, normalized to combined tissue weight. Shape of data point represents observed fetal phenotype. Total number of fetal/placental units per condition plotted (see 4 F ). Statistical analysis performed via Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, ***p < 0.001, ns=not significant (From left, p = >0.9999, 0.0006). H Left: Fetal ZIKV burdens, normalized to fetus weights. Viral burdens for subset of fetuses exhibiting “healthy” phenotypes plotted (Isotype n = 24, α-IL-27 n = 16, IL27RA −/− n = 28). Right: Placental ZIKV burdens, normalized to placental weights. Viral burdens of placentas matched to fetuses with “healthy” phenotypes plotted (Isotype n = 24, α-IL-27 n = 16, IL27RA −/− n = 28). Statistical analysis performed via Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ns=not significant (Fetal from left, p = >0.9999, 0.0374; Placental from left, p = 0.0378, <0.0001). I Maternal serum ZIKV burdens, normalized to serum weight. n = 3 dams for Isotype and α-IL-27-treated groups, n = 4 IL27RA −/− dams. Not significant via Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA.

Article Snippet: Whole placental tissues, including maternal decidua, were collected and homogenized, and a mouse IL-27 p28 ELISA (R&D Systems, M2728) was then performed according to manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Knock-In, High Molecular Weight, Injection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: eLife

Article Title: IL-27 limits HSPC differentiation during infection and protects from stem cell exhaustion

doi: 10.7554/eLife.105876

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) WT mice were infected, and the bone marrow harvested throughout infection. BM was either washed with media or cultured for 24 hr, and supernatant collected. Both the wash and supernatant were analyzed by ELISA for IL-27p28. ( B ) Il27 GFP reporter mice were infected and their bone marrow analyzed by flow cytometry throughout infection. A representative flow plot at 5 dpi of bulk marrow is shown (left) and proportion of immune cell contribution to the GFP + population measured (right). N=3 biological replicates, with two technical replicates performed. ( C ) Numbers of GFP + cells in the spleen, blood, and BM of infected mice were quantified throughout infection (left). Proportions of GFP + CD45 + cells were analyzed by cell type in the blood, spleen, and peritoneal exudate cell (PEC) during infection (right). ( D ) Femurs from infected Procr tdTomato+ Il27 GFP+ mice were harvested, sectioned, and imaged at ×40 magnification. The total imaged femur is shown (top), with zoomed-in sections shown below for increased detail of cellular localization (bottom). Arrows indicate areas of localization with Procr tdTomato+ and Il27 GFP+ cells. Numbers of Procr tdTomato+ and Il27 GFP+ cells were then counted in eight randomly selected regions throughout the marrow (see ). GFP + cells were normalized to tdTomato + cells and the eight counted regions classified as areas of hyper- or hypo-vascularization according to proximity of the region to the labeled vasculature. This allowed quantification of the localization of cells (bottom right). N = 3–5 mice/group, and data shown are representative of two repeated experiments. Error bars indcate SEM.

Article Snippet: For IL-27p28 detection, mouse IL-27p28/IL-30 Quantikine ELISA kit (M2728; R&D Systems) was used according to the manufacturer’s protocol.

Techniques: Infection, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Labeling